According to the Ostomy Canada Society, more than 165,000 Canadians live with an ostomy, and about 13,000 new stoma surgeries are performed annually. This life change can feel overwhelming, but understanding the basics helps people feel more prepared and supported.
At Payless Medical, we provide more than 9,000 ostomy and medical products to support Canadians. A big part of our mission is helping individuals living with a stoma feel safe, confident and comfortable in their daily routine.
With the right ostomy supplies, everyday activities such as eating, working, moving and sleeping become easier and more predictable.
This guide explains the essentials in simple, encouraging language for anyone living with an ostomy in Canada. Enjoy your reading!
What is a stoma?
A stoma is a small surgical opening on the abdomen that allows stool or urine to leave the body when the usual path cannot be used. During surgery, part of the intestine or urinary system is brought to the surface of the skin, creating a new, safe way for the body to release waste.
A stoma is typically:
- soft
- pink
- moist
- similar in appearance to the inside of the cheek
Because a stoma has no nerve endings, it does not feel pain, even though it may move or change shape during digestion.
According to the Canadian Cancer Society, a stoma may be required when part of the intestine or urinary system must be removed, repaired or bypassed because of disease, infection, injury or cancer. It can be created as part of a planned treatment or as an urgent procedure if the normal passage of stool or urine becomes blocked or unsafe.
Source: https://cancer.ca/en/treatments/tests-and-procedures/colostomy-and-ileostomy
People who live with a stoma use specialized ostomy products to manage their daily routines comfortably and safely. These include ostomy pouches to collect output, wafers and skin barriers to protect the surrounding skin, and accessories such as adhesive removers, barrier rings and deodorizing drops. With the right combination of products and guidance, most individuals adapt well, regain confidence and return to work, hobbies, travel and everyday activities.
The three main types of stomas
There are three main types of stomas. Each one helps the body differently.
1. Colostomy: a new path for stool from the large intestine
A colostomy is created when part of the large intestine is brought to the outside of the abdomen. Stool exits through this opening into an ostomy pouch.
The Canadian Cancer Society explains that stool from a colostomy is usually more formed because the colon normally absorbs water before waste leaves the body.
(source: cancer.ca)
In simple words:
A colostomy provides a new path for stool when the large intestine cannot function properly.
Why someone might need a colostomy
· colon or rectal cancer
· severe diverticulitis
· bowel obstruction or bowel injury
· Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis
Daily life with a colostomy
Most people adjust well. They learn how to manage their pouch, protect their skin and understand how food affects stool consistency. Many return to work, activities and exercise.
2. Ileostomy: a new path for stool from the small intestine
An ileostomy is created when the end of the small intestine (ileum) is brought to the surface of the abdomen.
According to the Canadian Cancer Society, this happens because the colon is bypassed, so less water is absorbed.
(source: cancer.ca)
In simple words:
An ileostomy creates a new exit for stool when the small intestine needs another way to work.
Why someone might need an ileostomy
· ulcerative colitis
· intestinal damage
· genetic conditions
· cancer requiring removal of the colon or rectum
Daily life with an ileostomy
Because stool is more liquid, people may empty their pouch more often. Skin protection is important, as liquid output can irritate the skin if the seal is not secure.
3. Urostomy: a new path for urine
A urostomy is created when the bladder can no longer store urine, redirecting it through a small abdominal opening into a pouch.
Why someone might need a urostomy
· birth conditions
· nerve problems
· spinal injuries
· severe bladder damage
Daily life with a urostomy
People with a urostomy often use:
· pouches with anti-reflux valves
· skin barriers to protect from moisture
Temporary vs Permanent Stoma: What’s the Difference?
Temporary stomas
A temporary stoma is created for a short period to allow the bowel or urinary system to heal.
Once healing is complete, the surgeon may close the stoma during a reversal surgery.
The Canadian Cancer Society notes that both colostomies and ileostomies can be temporary when they are used to protect healing tissue.
(source: cancer.ca)
Why temporary stomas are made
A temporary stoma may be needed after:
· treatment for infections
· injuries to the intestines
· diverticulitis
· colorectal cancer surgery
Daily life with a temporary stoma
People often rely on:
· colostomy pouches
· ileostomy pouches
· skin barriers and wafers
· adhesive sprays
· barrier rings
· odor-control products
Most people adapt over time and learn what works best for their body.
Permanent stomas
A permanent stoma is made to stay for life. This is needed when the normal path for stool or urine cannot be restored.
Why permanent stomas are needed
A permanent stoma may be required because of:
· inflammatory bowel disease
· bowel damage that cannot be repaired
· birth conditions
· loss of bowel control
Daily life with a permanent stoma
People with permanent stomas look for supplies that feel steady and comfortable. They often choose:
· one-piece or two-piece pouching systems
· convex wafers
· belts for support
· drainable or closed pouches
Many people return to work, sports, travel and everyday routines.
How Payless Medical supports Canadians living with a stoma
We believe every person with a stoma deserves reliable, comfortable products.
Payless Medical offers:
· a wide range of ostomy supplies
· trusted brands like Hollister, Convatec and Coloplast
· fast delivery across Canada
Our goal is to help each person feel comfortable and supported in their daily life.
Frequently asked questions (FAQ)
-
Is a stoma painful?
No. A stoma does not feel pain because it has no nerve endings. You may notice movement, warmth or slight changes in size as the bowel works, but these sensations are normal and not painful. Some people experience tenderness on the skin around the stoma, especially after surgery or if the pouch seal is not perfect, but this can usually be managed with proper skin care and the right ostomy products. -
Can I shower with a stoma?
Yes. In fact, many people find showering with a stoma refreshing and comfortable. You can shower with or without your pouch, depending on your preference and output level. Warm water will not harm the stoma, and soap is generally safe if it is not oily or heavily scented. Allowing the skin to breathe during a shower can even help reduce irritation. -
How often do I change my pouch?
Most people change their pouch every 3 to 5 days, but the exact frequency can vary depending on your stoma type, your skin, your pouching system and your level of activity. A good sign that it is time to change your pouch is when the adhesive begins to loosen or when you feel itching or moisture around the stoma. Establishing a consistent routine helps keep the skin healthy. -
Can I exercise or travel?
Yes. Many people with a stoma lead active, busy and independent lives. You can walk, run, swim, cycle, practice yoga and even return to many sports once you have healed. When travelling, it helps to pack extra supplies and keep a few items in your carry-on bag. Most ostomy pouches are low-profile and discreet under clothing, making travel and movement easy and safe. -
What can I eat?
Most people with a stoma can enjoy a wide variety of foods. Right after surgery, your doctor may recommend eating slowly and introducing new foods one at a time to see how your body reacts. Over time, many people return to their usual diet. Drinking enough water is important, and some foods may affect stool thickness, gas or odor, so it can be helpful to learn what works best for your body.
Sources
• Ostomy Canada Society – https://www.ostomycanada.ca/
• Canadian Cancer Society – https://cancer.ca/en/treatments/tests-and-procedures/colostomy-and-ileostomy
Crohn’s and colitis - https://crohnsandcolitis.ca/
Bladder Cancer Canada - https://bladdercancercanada.org/
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